Given an integer base and a non-negative integer exponent, return base raised to the power of exponent (base^exponent). The loopMultiplication LoopStarting result at 1 and multiplying it by base exactly exponent times. version is the direct reading of what a power means — repeated multiplication. The fast exponentiationFast ExponentiationSplitting the exponent in half at each step (squaring the result) instead of subtracting 1 — base^exponent = (base^(exponent/2))² when exponent is even. version — also called binary exponentiation — exploits the fact that base^exponent can be built from a problem roughly HALF its size instead of just one smaller, cutting the work from exponent steps down to about log₂(exponent).